Fig. 1

Patterns of justice involvement among men and women who use opioids in justice diversion addiction treatment during 2014–2016 (n = 363 men and 151 women). Two justice involvement classes per gender were identified among a sample of 514 PWUO in justice diversion addiction treatment. Men with low involvement (20.3% of men) were arrested for the first time at an older age and arrested more often in the past year. Men with high involvement (79.7%) had more arrests and incarceration time. Similar classes emerged among women, but women had more past year arrests and spent less time incarcerated than men. Women with low involvement comprised 46.5% of the sample and high involvement was slightly more common (53.5%)