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Table 1 Demographics and naloxone experience by product choice

From: Bystander preference for naloxone products: a field experiment

 

Total

Higher-dose nasal spray

Lower-dose nasal spray

Intramuscular injection

p-valuea

(N = 509)

(N = 226)

(N = 130)

(N = 153)

How old are you?

    

0.304

 18–24

81 (15.9%)

40 (17.7%)

19 (14.6%)

22 (14.4%)

 

 25–34

107 (21.0%)

50 (22.1%)

24 (18.5%)

33 (21.6%)

 

 35–44

82 (16.1%)

28 (12.4%)

21 (16.2%)

33 (21.6%)

 

 45–54

78 (15.3%)

42 (18.6%)

19 (14.6%)

17 (11.1%)

 

 55–64

100 (19.6%)

44 (19.5%)

30 (23.1%)

26 (17.0%)

 

 65 or older

57 (11.2%)

22 (9.7%)

16 (12.3%)

19 (12.4%)

 

 Prefer not to answer

1 (0.2%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (0.7%)

 

 Missing

3 (0.6%)

0 (0%)

1 (0.8%)

2 (1.3%)

 

To which gender identity do you most identify?

    

0.405

 Female

339 (66.6%)

148 (65.5%)

86 (66.2%)

105 (68.6%)

 

 Male

152 (29.9%)

66 (29.2%)

40 (30.8%)

46 (30.1%)

 

 Transgender female

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 

 Transgender male

4 (0.8%)

3 (1.3%)

0 (0%)

1 (0.7%)

 

 Gender variant/non-conforming

10 (2.0%)

6 (2.7%)

4 (3.1%)

0 (0%)

 

 Another option not listed

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 

 Prefer not to answer

2 (0.4%)

1 (0.4%)

0 (0%)

1 (0.7%)

 

 Missing

2 (0.4%)

2 (0.9%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 

What is your race/ethnicity? (select all that apply)

     

 American Indian or Alaska Native

13 (2.6%)

6 (2.7%)

4 (3.1%)

3 (2.0%)

0.881b

 Asian

8 (1.6%)

5 (2.2%)

3 (2.3%)

0 (0%)

0.139b

 Black or African-American

32 (6.3%)

13 (5.8%)

9 (6.9%)

10 (6.5%)

0.898b

 Hispanic or Latino

17 (3.3%)

6 (2.7%)

5 (3.8%)

6 (3.9%)

0.700b

 Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander

1 (0.2%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (0.7%)

0.556b

 White

436 (85.7%)

198 (87.6%)

105 (80.8%)

133 (86.9%)

0.180b

 Prefer not to answer

11 (2.2%)

4 (1.8%)

2 (1.5%)

5 (3.3%)

0.583b

Other than the training you took today, have you ever been trained in bystander recognition and opioid overdose response?

    

0.893

 Yes

191 (37.5%)

86 (38.1%)

47 (36.2%)

58 (37.9%)

 

 No

309 (60.7%)

134 (59.3%)

82 (63.1%)

93 (60.8%)

 

 I'm not sure

8 (1.6%)

5 (2.2%)

1 (0.8%)

2 (1.3%)

 

 Missing

1 (0.2%)

1 (0.4%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 

Have you ever administered naloxone to reverse an overdose?

    

0.787

 Yes

63 (12.4%)

27 (11.9%)

15 (11.5%)

21 (13.7%)

 

 No

439 (86.2%)

195 (86.3%)

115 (88.5%)

129 (84.3%)

 

 I'm not sure

2 (0.4%)

2 (0.9%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 

 Missing

5 (1.0%)

2 (0.9%)

0 (0%)

3 (2.0%)

 

Do you carry naloxone for overdose reversal now, or have you carried naloxone before?

    

0.336

 I have never carried naloxone and do not now

366 (71.9%)

158 (69.9%)

98 (75.4%)

110 (71.9%)

 

 I have carried naloxone before but do not now

86 (16.9%)

42 (18.6%)

21 (16.2%)

23 (15.0%)

 

 I carry naloxone now

46 (9.0%)

21 (9.3%)

7 (5.4%)

18 (11.8%)

 

 I'm not sure

8 (1.6%)

3 (1.3%)

4 (3.1%)

1 (0.7%)

 

 Missing

3 (0.6%)

2 (0.9%)

0 (0%)

1 (0.7%)

 
  1. Demographics and naloxone experience as a function of product choice (n = 509)
  2. ap-value obtained from chi-square/Fisher’s exact tests, as appropriate
  3. bComparison between selected and unselected for each race/ethnicity among three groups