Table 1 Stakeholder-identified policy themes and selected high-impact strategies to improve opioid-related outcomes and effectiveness of CT’s Good Samaritan Laws, with interfacing model narratives and feedback loops

Naloxone Access & Use

● “Leave behind” program (i.e., leaving naloxone at the scene of an overdose)

2, 4

B2, B3, B7, R3, R4, R5, R7

● EMS, fire, & police carrying and administering naloxone

1

B1, B2, B7, R1, R4, R5, R8

Community-Based Harm Reduction Services & Teams

● Connecting patients with addiction treatment services as quickly as possible after an overdose

2

B3, B6, R3

● Recovery navigator program (i.e., pairing someone who has experienced an overdose with a first responder or patient advocate to link patients to services)

2

B3, B6, R3

● Receiving addiction/social services at the site of an overdose

2

B3, B6, R3

Safer Drug Use

● Safe spaces to use

1

B1, B2, B7, R1, R4, R5, R8

● A smartphone application that alerts others when the application user overdoses

1, 2, 3

B1, B3, B4, B5, B6, R1, R2, R3, R8

Education to Reduce Stigma

● Education of new law enforcement & emergency department staff, specifically to reduce stigma & poor treatment of patients

1, 3

B1, B4, B5, B6, R1, R2, R8

● Engaging new medical trainees to change clinical culture

2, 4

B2, B3, B7, R2, R3, R4, R5, R7