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Table 3 Characteristics in relation to prosecutorial decisions in recidivist female drug offenders (n = 3210)a

From: Association between socioeconomic and motherhood characteristics with receiving community-based treatment services among justice-involved young female drug users: a retrospective cohort study in Taiwan

Variables

Deferred prosecution

Correctional rehabilitation

Univariate

Model Ic

Model IId

Univariate

Model Ic

Model IId

OR

95% CI

aORb

95% CI

aORb

95% CI

OR

95% CI

aORb

95% CI

aORb

95% CI

Age (ref: 25–29 years)

 18–24

1.29

(0.96, 1.73)

1.28

(0.95, 1.73)

1.30

(0.95, 1.80)

1.55***

(1.27, 1.89)

1.52***

(1.24, 1.86)

1.59***

(1.28, 1.97)

Marital status (ref: single)

 Married

0.82

(0.54, 1.24)

0.82

(0.54, 1.25)

1.13

(0.72, 1.80)

0.82

(0.63, 1.09)

0.83

(0.63, 1.09)

0.95

(0.69, 1.30)

 Divorced or widowed

0.92

(0.63, 1.35)

0.92

(0.63, 1.34)

1.17

(0.77, 1.78)

0.83

(0.64, 1.08)

0.84

(0.64, 1.09)

0.97

(0.72, 1.29)

Educational attainment (ref: senior high school or above)

 Junior high school

0.83

(0.59, 1.17)

0.86

(0.61, 1.22)

0.83

(0.58, 1.18)

0.93

(0.74, 1.18)

0.95

(0.75, 1.20)

0.88

(0.69 1.12)

Employment status (ref: employed)

 Unemployed/student

1.06

(0.79, 1.43)

1.07

(0.79, 1.44)

1.15

(0.85, 1.56)

1.49***

(1.22, 1.83)

1.52***

(1.24, 1.86)

1.58***

(1.28 1.94)

Income level (ref: medium/high income)

 Low/unstable income

0.88

(0.62, 1.23)

0.92

(0.65, 1.29)

1.02

(0.72, 1.44)

1.38*

(1.07, 1.78)

1.42**

(1.10, 1.84)

1.58***

(1.22 2.06)

Having one or more young children (ref: no)

 Yes

0.66*

(0.46, 0.96)

0.68*

(0.47, 0.98)

0.68

(0.45, 1.02)

0.90

(0.72, 1.13)

0.92

(0.74, 1.16)

0.91

(0.70, 1.18)

Being pregnant upon arrest (ref: no)

 Yes

0.29**

(0.13, 0.67)

0.30**

(0.13, 0.70)

0.31**

(0.13, 0.71)

0.52**

(0.34, 0.79)

0.53**

(0.35, 0.81)

0.50**

(0.32, 0.77)

Schedule II drugs involvement (ref: two or more)

 One only

0.90

(0.38, 2.12)

  

0.91

(0.38, 2.18)

3.46*

(1.25, 9.59)

  

3.26*

(1.16, 9.11)

Schedule I drug involvement (ref: yes)

 No

0.99

(0.59, 1.67)

  

0.82

(0.48, 1.42)

1.40

(0.94, 2.08)

  

1.19

(0.79, 1.80)

Drug offence other than use (ref: no)

 Yes

0.99

(0.57, 1.71)

  

1.03

(0.59, 1.82)

0.61*

(0.39, 0.95)

  

0.68

(0.43, 1.07)

Type of drug offence in prior 5 years (ref: both)

 Drug use only

2.11***

(1.46, 3.04)

  

2.06***

(1.43, 2.99)

1.37**

(1.09, 1.72)

  

1.32*

(1.05, 1.67)

 Other than drug use

2.42***

(1.55, 3.80)

  

2.28***

(1.45, 3.60)

1.88***

(1.42, 2.51)

  

1.81***

(1.35, 2.42)

Variables

Incarceration

Univariate

Model Ic

Model IId

OR

95% CI

aORb

95% CI

aORb

95% CI

Age (ref: 25–29 years)

 18–24

0.48***

(0.40, 0.59)

0.54***

(0.44, 0.66)

0.55***

(0.44, 0.68)

Marital status (ref: single)

 Married

1.09

(0.86, 1.38)

1.01

(0.79, 1.30)

0.91

(0.69, 1.21)

 Divorced or widowed

1.05

(0.84, 1.33)

1.02

(0.80, 1.30)

0.85

(0.66, 1.11)

Educational attainment (ref: senior high school or above)

 Junior high school

1.30*

(1.03, 1.63)

1.19

(0.94, 1.51)

1.25

(0.98, 1.59)

Employment status (ref: employed)

 Unemployed/student

1.66***

(1.38, 1.99)

1.49***

(1.23, 1.81)

1.55***

(1.28, 1.89)

Income level (ref: medium/high income)

 Low/unstable income

1.91***

(1.48, 2.46)

1.70***

(1.31, 2.21)

1.54**

(1.17, 2.01)

Having one or more young children (ref: no)

 Yes

1.16

(0.95, 1.41)

1.06

(0.86, 1.30)

1.08

(0.86, 1.37)

Being pregnant upon arrest (ref: no)

 Yes

0.41***

(0.27, 0.63)

0.37***

(0.24, 0.57)

0.34***

(0.22, 0.52)

Schedule II drugs involvement (ref: two or more)

 One only

1.10

(0.62, 1.93)

  

1.04

(0.57, 1.91)

Schedule I drug involvement (ref: yes)

 No

0.36***

(0.28, 0.46)

  

0.48***

(0.36, 0.63)

Drug offence other than use (ref: no)

 Yes

0.80

(0.56, 1.15)

  

0.56**

(0.38, 0.83)

Type of drug offence in prior 5 years (ref: both)

 Drug use only

0.33***

(0.27, 0.41)

  

0.35***

(0.29, 0.43)

 Other than drug use

0.20***

(0.14, 0.30)

  

0.23***

(0.16, 0.34)

  1. aMultinomial regression model, with awaiting decision/execution (reference), deferred prosecution, correctional rehabilitation, and incarceration as four outcome responses
  2. baOR: adjusted odds ratio
  3. cModel I presents the estimates, one by one, with adjustment for drug offence characteristics
  4. dModel II includes all listed sociodemographic, motherhood, and drug offence characteristics
  5. *p < 0.05, **p < 0 .01, ***p < 0.001
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Harm Reduction Journal

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