Table 1 Drug use inside the prison in the last month among incarcerated people in Iran in 2009, 2013, and 2017
Variables | Non-injection drug use in the last month | ||
|---|---|---|---|
2017 (N=5785) | 2013 (N=5953) | 2009Â (N=5947) | |
n (%)a | n (%)a | n (%)a | |
Total | 810 (14.0) | 980 (17.8) | 2363 (39.7) |
Age at interview | |||
> 40 | 164 (10.9) | 191Â (14.1) | 387 (40.9) |
30 - 40 | 422 (15.4) | 480Â (19.0) | 1000 (47.9) |
18 - 29 | 222 (14.7) | 309 (19.2) | 976 (38.0) |
Sex | |||
Female | 11 (3.1) | 18 (17.5) | 36 (16.0) |
Male | 799 (14.7) | 962 (17.9) | 2327 (43.3) |
Educational level | |||
High school and higher | 234 (13.0) | 199 (14.9) | 494 (37.6) |
Less than high school | 573 (14.4) | 781 (18.8) | 1869 (43.6) |
Current marital status | |||
Married | 332 (11.1) | 128 (19.3) | 43 (49.4) |
Divorce/widowed | 168 (18.1) | 481 (16.0) | 1414 (43.4) |
Single | 309 (16.5) | 371 (20.3) | 903 (43.2) |
History of previous incarceration | |||
No | 182 (7.7) | 275 (12.3) | 1205 (54.2) |
Yes | 627 (18.3) | 705 (21.6) | 1158 (31.0) |
Length of previous incarceration (months) | |||
≤ 3 | 92 (15.1) | 125 (18.9) | 351 (39.5) |
3 - 11 | 74 (13.9) | 115 (20.9) | 721 (57.0) |
12 - 36 | 191 (17.4) | 212 (20.6) | 802 (67.4) |
< 36 | 263 (22.9) | 241 (25.1) | 489 (69.6) |
Duration of non-injection drug use | |||
< 5 years | 49 (16.2) | 65 (20.6) | 261 (41.2) |
≥ 5 years | 752 (18.5) | 890 (22.5) | 2010 (61.6) |
History of drug use in the last month before incarceration | |||
No | 77 (9.2) | NA | 171 (40.7) |
Yes | 733 (20.6) | NA | 2189 (60.4) |
Type of drug used in the last month before incarceration | |||
Opioids | 295 (17.5) | NA | 1695 (61.7) |
Stimulants | 355 (22.9) | NA | 227 (57.6) |
Otherb | 82 (25.5) | NA | 239 (57.2) |
Receipt of opioid agonist therapy (OAT) inside the prison | |||
No | 355 (14.9) | 648 (22.6) | 971 (98.8) |
Yes | 451 (22.3) | 329 (22.1) | 1372 (99.8) |
Age at first sexual intercourse | |||
≥ 18 | 303 (11.3) | NA | 1383 (43.3) |
< 18 | 446 (19.0) | NA | 754 (51.1) |
Using condom in the last sex | |||
No | 586 (77.8) | 190 (16.6) | 127 (50.0) |
Yes | 167 (13.8) | 674 (19.1) | 1201 (50.3) |
History of HIV testing | |||
Ever | 553 (17.0) | 385 (18.7) | 1080 (58.4) |
Never | 256 (10.2) | 585 (17.3) | 1267 (35.6) |
HIV knowledge about the modes of transmission | |||
Insufficient | 159 (18.0) | 122 (15.8) | 25 (58.1) |
Sufficient | 651 (13.3) | 858 (18.2) | 2338 (58.4) |
HIV serostatus | |||
Negative | 797 (13.9) | 945 (17.8) | 1884 (40.7) |
Positive | 12 (24.0) | 17 (22.1) | 55 (61.8) |