Table 1 Description of the global sample and comparison between the “No ADHD” and “ADHD in childhood” groups (n = 229)
Global sample n = 229 | “ADHD in childhood” n = 105 | “No ADHD” n = 124 | Adjusted p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||
Sex—women (n (%)) | 58 (25.33%) | 26 (24.76%) | 32 (25.81%) | 0.890 |
Age (µ (σ)) | 34.59 (7.47) | 34.37 (7.91) | 34.78 (7.10) | 0.755 |
Marital status – living alone (n (%)) | 144 (62.88%) | 64 (60.95%) | 80 (64.52%) | 0.716 |
Social circle – close relationships (n (%)) | 212 (92.58%) | 96 (91.43%) | 116 (93.55%) | 0.705 |
Educational level – at least high school graduate (n (%)) | 89 (38.86) | 31 (29.52) | 58 (46.77) | 0.030 |
Professional activity – being inactive (n (%)) | 121 (52.84%) | 61 (58.10%) | 60 (48.39%) | 0.327 |
Stable housing (n (%)) | 203 (88.65%) | 93 (88.57%) | 110 (88.71%) | 0.974 |
OUD characteristics | ||||
OUD duration (µ (σ)) | 49.99 (52.82) | 52.57 (54.54) | 47.80 (51.45) | 0.705 |
OUD treatment failure (n (%)) | 133 (58.08%) | 66 (62.86%) | 67 (54.03%) | 0.334 |
Drug-using family members or friends (n (%)) | 170 (74.24%) | 82 (78.10%) | 88 (70.97%) | 0.380 |
Age of first opioid use (µ (σ)) | 20.41 (5.17) | 19.30 (5.05) | 21.36 (5.10) | 0.009 |
Age of first quitting attempt (µ (σ)) | 25.84 (5.94) | 25.05 (6.30) | 26.52 (5.55) | 0.179 |
Age of onset of OUD (µ (σ)) | 22.69 (5.62) | 21.70 (5.75) | 23.52 (5.40) | 0.046 |
Several prescribers (n (%)) | 22 (9.61%) | 9 (8.57%) | 13 (10.48%) | 0.739 |
Several pharmacies (n (%)) | 20 (8.73%) | 10 (9.52%) | 10 (8.06%) | 0.755 |
OUD negative consequences | ||||
Psychiatric problems (n (%)) | 161 (70.31%) | 77 (73.33%) | 84 (67.74%) | 0.544 |
Somatic problems (n (%)) | 74 (33.31%) | 39 (37.14%) | 35 (28.23%) | 0.327 |
Professional problems (n (%)) | 128 (55.90%) | 51 (58.10%) | 67 (54.03%) | 0.705 |
Socioaffective problems (n (%)) | 161 (70.31%) | 80 (76.19%) | 81 (65.32%) | 0.190 |
Legal problems (n (%)) | 113 (49.34%) | 56 (53.33%) | 57 (45.97%) | 0.434 |
Financial problems (n (%)) | 160 (69.87%) | 78 (74.29%) | 82 (66.13%) | 0.334 |
Impulsivity | ||||
UPPS: Negative urgency [/16] (µ (σ)) | 10.50 (2.94) | 11.42 (2.84) | 9.72 (2.80) | 0.001 |
UPPS: Positive urgency [/16] (µ (σ)) | 10.39 (2.59) | 11.14 (2.24) | 9.76 (2.70) | 0.001 |
UPPS: Lack of premeditation [/16] (µ (σ)) | 8.37 (2.30) | 8.97 (2.37) | 7.87 (2.13) | 0.002 |
UPPS: Lack of perseverance [/16] (µ (σ)) | 8.41 (2.67) | 9.10 (2.74) | 7.82 (2.47) | 0.002 |
UPPS: Sensation seeking [/16] (µ (σ)) | 10.64 (2.94) | 11.32 (2.92) | 10.07 (2.85) | 0.007 |