Table 5 Description of the “ADHD in childhood” group and comparison between “ADHD remission” and “ADHD persistence” in adulthood groups (n = 105)
“ADHD in childhood” n = 105 | “ADHD remission in adulthood” n = 36 | “ADHD persistence in adulthood” n = 69 | Adjusted p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||
Sex—women (n (%)) | 26 (24.76%) | 9 (25.00%) | 17 (24.64%) | 0.967 |
Age (µ (σ)) | 34.37 (7.91) | 33.44 (7.87) | 34.86 (7.94) | 0.405 |
Marital status – living alone (n (%)) | 64 (60.95%) | 24 (66.67%) | 40 (57.97%) | 0.415 |
Social circle – close relationships (n (%)) | 96 (91.43%) | 32 (88.89%) | 64 (92.75%) | 0.566 |
Educational level – at least high school graduate (n (%)) | 31 (29.52) | 12 (33.33) | 19 (27.54) | 0.662 |
Professional activity – being inactive (n (%)) | 61 (58.10%) | 20 (55.56%) | 41 (59.42%) | 0.719 |
Stable housing (n (%)) | 93 (88.57%) | 31 (86.11%) | 62 (89.86%) | 0.562 |
OUD characteristics | ||||
OUD treatment failure (n (%)) | 66 (62.86%) | 20 (55.56%) | 46 (66.67%) | 0.315 |
OUD duration (µ (σ)) | 52.57 (54.54) | 45.58 (53.89) | 56.22 (54.91) | 0.567 |
Drug-using family members or friends (n (%)) | 82 (78.10%) | 26 (72.22%) | 56 (81.16%) | 0.315 |
Age of first opioid use (µ (σ)) | 19.30 (5.05) | 19.92 (6.04) | 18.97 (4.46) | 0.386 |
Age of first quitting attempt (µ (σ)) | 25.05 (6.30) | 24.92 (6.93) | 25.12 (6.00) | 0.937 |
Age of onset of OUD (µ (σ)) | 21.70 (5.75) | 21.97 (6.05) | 21.57 (5.62) | 0.819 |
Several prescribers (n (%)) | 9 (8.57%) | 5 (13.89%) | 4 (5.80%) | 0.181 |
Several pharmacies (n (%)) | 10 (9.52%) | 3 (8.33%) | 7 (10.14%) | 0.967 |
OUD negative consequences | ||||
Psychiatric problems (n (%)) | 77 (73.33%) | 26 (72.22%) | 51 (73.91%) | 0.869 |
Somatic problems (n (%)) | 39 (37.14%) | 15 (41.67%) | 24 (34.78%) | 0.503 |
Professional problems (n (%)) | 61 (58.10%) | 20 (55.56%) | 41 (59.42%) | 0.749 |
Socioaffective problems (n (%)) | 80 (76.19%) | 27 (75.00%) | 53 (77.81%) | 0.937 |
Legal problems (n (%)) | 56 (53.33%) | 20 (55.56%) | 36 (52.17%) | 0.776 |
Financial problems (n (%)) | 78 (77.78%) | 28 (77.78%) | 50 (72.46%) | 0.579 |
Impulsivity | ||||
UPPS: Negative urgency [/16] (µ (σ)) | 11.42 (2.84) | 10.09 (3.17) | 12.11 (2.39) | 0.001 |
UPPS: Positive urgency [/16] (µ (σ)) | 11.14 (2.24) | 10.89 (2.48) | 11.27 (2.11) | 0.479 |
UPPS: Lack of premeditation [/16] (µ (σ)) | 8.97 (2.37) | 6.94 (1.82) | 10.03 (1.89) | 0.001 |
UPPS: Lack of perseverance [/16] (µ (σ)) | 9.88 (2.67) | 7.59 (2.28) | 9.88 (2.65) | 0.001 |
UPPS: Sensation seeking [/16] (µ (σ)) | 11.32 (2.92) | 10.75 (3.78) | 11.62 (2.32) | 0.169 |