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Table 5 Numbers of near-fatala overdose experiences ever and near-fatal overdose experiences through current co-use pattern and opioid agonist therapy (OAT) taken

From: A qualitative study of benzodiazepine/z-drug and opioid co-use patterns and overdose risk

 

No pattern reportedb (n = 5)

Co-use to aid sleep or come down (n = 3)

Curated co-use (n = 2)

Morning and evening BZ/Z doses with OP throughout the day (n = 4)

Co-use binges (n = 13)

Co-use throughout the day (n = 14)

BZ/Z use throughout the day, OAT only no other OP (n = 7)

Number of participants who had ever had a near-fatal overdose experiencea

3 (OAT prescribed at time of this OD methadone n = 2, buprenorphine n = 1)

2

2

2

11

12

5

Number of participants who had a near-fatal overdosea using their current co-use pattern (OAT prescribed at time of this OD)

n/a

1 (methadone n = 1)

1 (buprenorphine n = 1)

2 (methadone n = 2)

9 (methadone, n = 6, buprenorphine n = 1)

9 (methadone, n = 5, buprenorphine n = 1)

5 (methadone, n = 3, buprenorphine n = 2)

  1. aNear-fatal overdose defined as receiving treatment from a paramedic, police officer, friend or family member (e.g. resuscitation, naloxone rescue) and/or hospital admission for overdose. It does not include events where people report prolonged periods of unconsciousness without intervention
  2. bSome participants could not be mapped to a pattern because their interview did not capture sufficient information on when they took their opioids and benzodiazepines