Engagement in hepatitis C virus cascade of care and factors associated with testing among people who inject drugs in Iran

Table 2 Factors associated with hepatitis C virus antibody testing among people who inject drugs in Iran, 2023

Variables	Adjusted odds ratio^a	95% CI	P value
Age group
18–29	Ref
30–44	1.29	0.60, 2.75	0.506
≥ 45	1.30	0.57, 2.93	0.523
Marital status
Divorced/widowed	Ref
Currently married	1.21	0.80, 1.81	0.359
Single	1.27	0.90, 1.79	0.166
Knowledge of HCV transmission through sharing needle/syringe
No	Ref
Yes	8.09	5.25, 12.48	< 0.001
HIV serostatus
Negative	Ref
Positive	4.15	1.58, 10.92	0.004
Having medical insurance
No	Ref
Yes	1.39	0.94, 2.04	0.090
Lifetime experience of homelessness
No	1.89	1.31, 2.72	0.001
Yes	Ref
Lifetime experience of arrest/incarceration
No	Ref
Yes	1.83	1.26, 2.64	0.001
Diagnosed with any mental health problems, ever
No	Ref
Yes	2.88	1.79, 4.61	< 0.001
Length of injecting, years
< 5	Ref
5–10	1.21	0.72, 2.02	0.461
> 10	1.58	0.95, 2.61	0.074
Frequency of injection, last 6 months
No injection	Ref
Weekly/Monthly	1.41	0.84, 2.38	0.190
Daily	1.19	0.71, 1.98	0.501
Lifetime experience of non-fatal overdose
No	Ref
Yes	1.51	1.08, 2.10	0.015
Needle exchange, last 12 months
No	Ref
Yes	6.20	3.86, 9.93	< 0.001
Opioid agonist treatment, last 6 months
No	Ref
Yes	2.10	1.39, 3.18	< 0.001
Receiving HBV vaccine, ever
No	Ref
Yes	2.31	1.59, 3.35	< 0.001

^aVariables with a P value < 0.2 in the bivariable analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression model

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