Estimating lung cancer risk from e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products: applications of a tool based on biomarkers of exposure and of potential harm

Lee, Peter N.; Coombs, Katharine J.; Fry, John S.

doi:10.1186/s12954-025-01188-x

Harm Reduction Journal

Table 5 Summary of fitted regression slopes for BOPHs shown in increasing order of p value

From: Estimating lung cancer risk from e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products: applications of a tool based on biomarkers of exposure and of potential harm

Search number (see Table 2)	Biomarker name	N¹	Fitted slope	Std.Error	t²	p	Signif³
1	sICAM-1	4	11.14	0.72	15.51	0.0006	0.1718
13	LDL-C	4	26.97	2.3	11.74	0.0013	0.0000 + + +
10	Obese %	8	− 7.12	1.47	− 4.86	0.0018	0.0000 + + +
25	Fibrinogen	10	27.26	6.28	4.34	0.0019	0.0000 + + +
40	IL-6	4	10.95	1.06	10.34	0.0019	0.3229
41	8,12-iso-iPF2α -VI	2	10.02	0.14	72.75	0.0088	0.1057
60	PAI-1	2	17.12	0.28	62.1	0.0102	0.2017
63	8-iso-PGF2α	2	6.46	0.12	52.54	0.0121	0.259
42	Leukotriene E4	2	4.06	0.12	33.85	0.0188	0.0127
13	HDL-C	6	− 35.38	11.18	− 3.17	0.0249	0.0000 + + +
55	Dinitrotyrosine	2	38.31	1.56	24.62	0.0258	0.1493
34	Hb	2	37.27	1.52	24.6	0.0259	0.1518
10	Overweight %	4	− 13.97	3.66	− 3.82	0.0316	0.0027 + +
59	PI 2.0 + %	2	8.12	0.42	19.14	0.0332	0.471
58	PPD	3	7.18	1.37	5.24	0.0345	0.3217
41	8-isoprostane	3	4.8	1.04	4.62	0.0437	0.1616
58	PD 5 + %	2	2.81	0.21	13.64	0.0466	0.4723
13	VLDL-C	2	16.15	1.2	13.49	0.0471	0.0000 –-
17	hs-CRP	4	10.39	3.31	3.14	0.0516	0.1115
80	VWF	2	27.72	2.72	10.18	0.0624	0.1796
9	SBP	6	− 76.23	32.36	− 2.36	0.0651	0.0020 + +
41	iPF2α-III	2	3.98	0.43	9.16	0.0692	0.1593
9	HyperT %	2	− 8.39	0.97	− 8.64	0.0734	0.3027
76	Triglycerides	6	4.43	2.06	2.15	0.084	0.0000 + + +
19	8-OH-2-deoxyg	2	24.24	3.84	6.31	0.1001	0.22
81	WHR	2	106.49	17.1	6.23	0.1014	0.1784
41	2,3-dinor-iPF2α-III	2	10.64	1.75	6.08	0.1037	0.0535
79	VIT E	2	− 4.06	0.67	− 6.04	0.1044	0.1928
33	Hematocrit	2	69.95	16.4	4.27	0.1466	0.3091
82	WBCC	2	7.4	1.76	4.2	0.1489	0.2418
36	Homocysteine	4	14.46	7.58	1.91	0.1527	0.0000 + + +
30	Glut-ox	2	− 32.01	7.83	− 4.09	0.1528	0.1707
61	11-dehydro-TXB2	2	11.41	3.47	3.29	0.1879	0.0126
13	High-C %	2	− 11.73	3.65	− 3.21	0.192	0.5
81	WCC	2	225.05	78.09	2.88	0.2126	0.0572
61	2,3-dinor-TXB2	2	3.31	1.17	2.83	0.2162	0.0024 + +
13	Total-C	6	17.61	15.3	1.15	0.3019	0.1924
60	tPA	2	− 24.87	14.87	− 1.67	0.3431	0.0013 + +
70	SCE	3	13.18	11.62	1.13	0.3745	0.2203
59	Plaque	3	− 4.86	5.23	− 0.93	0.4512	0.1621
9	DBP	4	55.93	74.97	0.75	0.5098	0.0000 + + +
30	Glut-red	2	− 21.37	26.54	− 0.81	0.5684	0.0000 + + +
10	BMI high %	2	− 9.12	11.87	− 0.77	0.5828	0.0098
61	PC	2	32.53	43.92	0.74	0.5941	0.4574
8	GB	3	16.38	26.81	0.61	0.6034	0.0000 + + +
24	FEV1 decline	5	1.86	3.62	0.51	0.6346	0.0051
41	iPF2α-VI	2	3.41	5.66	0.6	0.6544	0.4189
10	BMI	16	− 4.84	21.3	− 0.23	0.8233	0.0000 + + +
13	Chol high %	2	− 6.55	25.83	− 0.25	0.8419	NA
10	BWT	4	− 13.39	76.46	− 0.18	0.8721	0.0000 + + +
19	8-OH-guanosine	2	10.98	62.2	0.18	0.8887	0.1211
9	BP high %	2	4.67	29.76	0.16	0.9008	0.0299
35	Max HR	2	− 12.53	259.39	− 0.05	0.9693	0.1789

Underlined biomarkers are those used in the predictions showing no significant (p < 0.01) misfit to the RR for non-users
¹Number of paired means for cigarettes and other products on which the estimate is based
²Student t-value for slope ³ Greatest significance for non-users (+ + + , –- p < 0.001, + + , – p < 0.01)
³Greatest significance for non-users (+ + + , –- p < 0.001, + + , – p < 0.01)

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ISSN: 1477-7517

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