Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Age (years), mean (SD)

38 (10)

38 (11)

40 (10)

Medications

Beta-blockers

1 (3)

1 (4)

0

Lipid- or glucose-lowering medications

0

0

0

Morbidities of first-degree relatives

Hypertension

12 (32)

6 (25)

6 (46)

Diabetes

5 (14)

2 (8)

3 (23)

Cardiovascular disease

8 (22)

6 (25)

2 (15)

Weekly physical exercise with breathlessness

None

4 (11)

1 (4)

3 (23)

Less than 30 min

2 (5)

1 (4)

1 (8)

30–60 min

7 (19)

3 (13)

4 (31)

60–90 min

6 (16)

3 (13)

3 (23)

90–120 min

2 (5)

1 (4)

1 (8)

More than 120 min

16 (43)

15 (63)

1 (8)

Weekly physical exercise without breathlessness

None

0

0

0

Less than 30 min

1 (3)

0

1 (8)

30–60 min

10 (27)

7 (29)

3 (23)

60–90 min

6 (16)

5 (21)

1 (8)

90–150 min

6 (16)

3 (13)

3 (23)

150–300 min

8 (22)

4 (17)

4 (31)

More than 300 min

6 (16)

5 (21)

1 (8)

Daily time in the seated position

Almost the entire day

2 (5)

0

2 (15)

13–15 h

0

0

0

10–12 h

13 (35)

10 (42)

3 (23)

7–9 h

17 (46)

10 (42)

7 (54)

4–6 h

3 (8)

3 (13)

0

1–3 h

2 (5)

1 (4)

1 (8)

None

0

0

0

AUDIT (score)

2 (1–3)

2 (1–3)

1 (0–2)

Past cigarette use

Combustion cigarettes

15 (41)

6 (25)

9 (69)

Combustion cigarettes (pack years)^a

6.0 (1.3–11.3)

5.0 (0.9–13.1)

6.0 (2.0–11.3)

Electronic cigarettes

1 (3)

0

1 (8)

Electronic cigarettes (pack years)^a

2.0 (2.0–2.0)

0

2.0 (2.0–2.0)

Tobacco pouches use

Never

5 (14)

2 (8)

3 (23)

Previous

7 (19)

4 (17)

3 (23)

Current

25 (68)

18 (75)

7 (54)

Pouch years^a

233 (160–400)

257 (180–400)

200 (100–319)

Nicotine pouches use

Never

22 (60)

17 (71)

5 (39)

Previous

2 (5)

1 (4)

1 (8)

Current

13 (35)

6 (25)

7 (54)

Pouch years^a

24 (11–35)

15 (8–22)

35 (24–69)

Snus during run-in, product type

Nicotine pouches

12 (32)

6 (25)

6 (46)

Tobacco pouches dry

15 (41)

10 (42)

5 (39)

Tobacco pouches moist

7 (19)

7 (29)

0

Both moist and dry tobacco pouches

2 (5)

1 (4)

1 (8)

Both nicotine and tobacco pouches

1 (3)

0

1 (8)

Snus during run-in, product content

Nicotine per pouch (mg)

8.0 (6.8–11.6)

9.0 (7.5–12.7)

8.0 (5.6–8.4)

Any product with licorice flavor

10 (27)

4 (17)

6 (46)

Snus during run-in, consumption

Pouches per day

16 (11–22)

18 (10–23)

16 (14–20)

Nicotine per day (mg)

144.3 (98.3–190.0)

152.0 (104.3–204.7)

117.3 (57.6–153.5)

Lifetime snus nicotine intake (g)^b

723.5 (210.7–1296.4)

949.1 (582.9–1607.0)

436.7 (150.6–976.5)

Body mass index (kg/m²)

26.7 (23.3–28.6)

26.5 (23.6–28.3)

26.7 (22.9–35.5)

Laboratory results

Plasma creatinine (µmol/L)

81 (73–89)

87 (81–91)

72 (65–78)

Serum sodium (mmol/L)

140 (140–141)

140 (140–141)

141 (140–141)

Serum potassium (mmol/L)

4.2 (4.0–4.3)

4.2 (4.1–4.4)

3.9 (3.9–4.2)

Plasma total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.9 (4.2–5.5)

5.0 (4.2–5.6)

4.8 (4.3–5.3)

Plasma triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.1 (0.8–1.4)

1.1 (0.7–1.4)

1.0 (0.9–1.1)

Plasma LDL (mmol/L)

2.9 (2.3–3.5)

2.9 (2.3–3.4)

2.9 (2.2–3.5)

Plasma HDL (mmol/L)

1.3 (1.2–1.6)

1.2 (1.1–1.7)

1.3 (1.2–1.5)

Plasma non-HDL (mmol/L)

3.6 (2.7–4.0)

3.6 (2.9–3.9)

3.6 (2.6–4.0)

Plasma hsCRP (mg/L)

0.7 (0.3–1.4)

0.4 (0.3–0.8)

1.4 (0.5–2.4)

Plasma glucose (mmol/L)

5.1 (5.0–5.6)

5.2 (5.0–5.6)

5.0 (4.9–5.5)

Blood glycated hemoglobin (mmol/mol)

36 (33–37)

35 (33–37)

36 (34–37)

Plasma insulin (mIE/L)

6.6 (4.5–12.0)

6.4 (4.4–10.3)

11.0 (5.8–12.0)

BP measurements, mean (SD)

Office BP, systolic (mmHg)

117.3 (11.7)

121.1 (11.2)

110.2 (9.2)

Office BP, diastolic (mmHg)

74.1 (9.8)

73.0 (10.9)

76.0 (7.5)

Office heart rate (beats per minute)

69.5 (10.5)

67.6 (11.3)

73.1 (8.0)

Home BP, systolic (mmHg)

114.3 (12.3)

118.7 (10.9)

106.2 (10.6)

Home BP, diastolic (mmHg)

72.5 (7.4)

71.9 (7.9)

73.4 (6.8)

Home heart rate (beats per minute)

67.5 (9.0)

64.8 (9.0)

72.3 (6.9)

Relapsed during study

4 (11)

3 (13)

1 (8)