Data | Reverse causation | Ratio reported by Glantz et al. [14] | Ratio restricted | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study | Source | allowed for | Diseases studied | vaping | both products | to those who smoked |
Alzahrani [34] | NHIS | No | MI | ✓ | ✓ | No |
Antwi [39] | BRFSS | No | COPD | ✓ | ✓ | Yes |
Barrameda [40] | BRFSS | No | COPD | X | ✓ | Yes/No1 |
Bricknell [35] | BRFSS | No | Stroke | ✓ | ✓ | No |
Cook [42] | PATH | Yes | COPD | ✓ | ✓ | No |
Falk [23] | NHIS | No | MI, stroke | ✓ | ✓ | Yes |
Farsalinos [33] | NHIS | No | MI | ✓2 | ✓ | No |
Goldberg Scott [26] | KAISER | No | MI, stroke | X | ✓ | No |
Hirschtick [24] | PATH | Yes | MI, stroke | ✓ | ✓ | Yes |
Kim [44] | KOREA NHANES | No | COPD | X | ✓ | Yes |
Osei [45] | BRFSS | No | COPD | X | ✓ | Yes |
Parekh [36] | BRFSS | No | Stroke | ✓ | ✓ | Yes |
Parekh [46] | BRFSS | No | COPD | ✓ | ✓ | Yes |
Paulin [47] | PATH | Yes | COPD | ✓ | ✓ | Yes |
Perez [48] | PATH | No | COPD | X | ✓ | No |
Wills [49] | BRFSS | No | COPD | ✓ | ✓ | Yes |
Wills [50] | BRFSS | No | COPD | ✓ | ✓ | No |
Xie [52] | BRFSS | No | COPD | ✓ | ✓ | Yes |